The Muqaddimah by Abd al-Rahman Ibn Khaldun

The Muqaddimah by Abd al-Rahman Ibn Khaldun

Ibn Kaldun was a Muslim judge in the Medieval times who took the time to study the life cycles of states of all descriptions. And he had most of what we have now, including democracy (Athens) republics (Rome) and all types of governments in between. Certain cycles became apparent to him no matter what the composition of the government was. And as I look at the present state of affairs in the United States, I can see Ibn Kaldun's study borne out in modern times. But he also examines the different functions of the states in greater detail and the societies produced by the different types of governments. Even though this is an abridged version of a longer 3-book set, it is well worth the reading to understand not only history but the present interactions of International Affairs.

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